Method or process of anchoring steel piles.



J. B. GOLDSBOROUGH.

METHOD 0R PROCESS 0F ANCHORING STEEL PILES. APPLICATION FILED Nov. II,I9I3.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. B. GOLDSBOROUGH.

METHOD4 0R PROCESS 0E ANCHORING STEEL ms.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. II, i913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Dec. 14, A1915.

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FFME.

CROTON-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK METHOD 0B PROCESS ANCHVORING STEEL PILES.

arcanes.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. la, i915.

Application led ovember 11, 1913. Serial No. 800,248.

To all whom it may concern.' A

Be it known that I, JOHN BYRON GOLDS- BOROUGH, a citizen of the UnitedStates", and resident of Croton-on-Hudson, in thecounty of Westchesterand State of New York, have inventeda certain new and useful Method orProcess of Anchoring Steel Piles, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description, reference being made to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this speciication. y

This invention relates to improvements in the art of forming steelpile-foundations on which to erect buildings and other structures, andthe invention consists in the method or process which is hereindescribed and claimed of anchoring a tubular pile by attaching it at thebase to the bearingstratum after the pile has been driven through theoverlying soil.

On the accompanying sheet of drawings, on which like reference-numeralsdesignate like parts of different views, Figure l is a sectionalelevation of a pile-cluster with grillage and a column, which forms partof the frame of a building, supported by the pile-cluster, andillustrates the practice of the method when the soil is dry and but oneanchor is required to each pile; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of ananchored pile, and illustrates the practice of the method when the pileis driven in quiclzsand and but one anchor is required to a pile; Fig. 3is a sectional elevation of a large pile anchored at four places, thisview illustrating the practice of the invention in anchoring some piles;and Fig. 4 is a cross-section of this large pile. Figs 5 to 9 illustratethe several successive steps necessary to carry out the invention. y

The steel piles to be anchored by the method herein described are heavysteel cylinders which are driven by suitable means, such as a steamhammer or a common pile-driver, to hard rock, and which are filled withplastic material, usually concrete, in which reinforcing devices are ormay be embedded and which will harden to Jform solid columns tightlyincased by the steel cylinders. The cylinders vary in diameter, thosegenerally used being twelveinch cylinders7 and they are driven to depthsthat range from less than twenty feet to upward of sixty feet. If a pileis longer Vthan thestandard pipe-length, it is formed of sections, and asleeve or sleeves fitting snugly in them, each sleeve, which is a shortsteel tube, extending into two sections rom their adjacent ends, whichabut on each other or else rest against a rib formed on the sleeve Whenvthe pile is being driven it contains a pointed steel plunger which itsin and extends through it and on which is a fast collar that rests onthe top of the pile. The pile-hammer acts on the plunger and this forcesthe pile down and prevents any earth from entering it, so that after thepile has been driven to the bearing-stratum and the plunger has beenwithdrawn the interior of the pile is an unobstructed space extendingfrom the top of the pile to the bearing-stratum and ready to be filledwith concrete.

The cluster of three piles illustrated in Fig. l comprises cylinders l,2 and 3 (shown broken) that have been driven through soft soil 4 to thesolid rock or'bearing-stratum 5. On these piles are caps 6, andgrillage-beams 7 extending across and resting on the caps. The steelcolumn 8 of the framework stands on these grillage-beams which togetherwith the tops of the piles and the column 8 are contained in the wall 9of the building, the wall being represented with a portion broken awayto expose them.

It has been the practice in forming a steel pilefoundation to drive thepiles as above described and then fill them with concrete, and if thebearing-stratum is level, and the piles are not subjected to unbalancedpressures, it is usually safe to depend on friction between thebearing-stratum and piles, and on the soil surrounding them, to preventthem from slipping sidewise, although sometimes the entire load carriedby a pile has been imposed on a solid point or on one edge of the pile.But in neither of these cases are piles so held that they are not liableto slip and let the walls supported by them settle, especially when thesurface of the bearing-stratum is sloping. Then a conical point is aptto be more dangerous than the dat end of a pile.

lt is the object of this invention to enable steel piles to be anchored,or attached to the bearing strata to which they are driven, so that theywill not be liable to slip sidewise, even if the surfaces of thosestrata are not smooth or level.

In Fig. 1 three slightly different ways of practising the invention areillustrated. To anchor a pile so that it will be attached to thebearing-stratum as is the pile which includes the cylinder 1 (Fig. 1): ahole 10 is cut in the bearing-stratum, the cuttingtool being appliedthereto from within thecylinder or tubular pile, the hole and interiorof the pile are cleared, the material being blown out by `compressed airor otherwise removed from them, and the hole and pile are filled withconcrete or similar plastic material that willharden, combined ifdesired with reinforcing devices embedded in it. After the filling, orthe plastic material included therein, has become hard the pile willbefirmly anchored to the rock by the portion 11 of the solid pile,extending to the bottom of the hole 10, so that the lower end of thepile will be kept in its proper place if it should 'tend to slip in anydirection.

The means shown by which the piles that include the cylinders 2 and 3are anchored comprises a post 12 extending from the cylinder 2 into thebearing-stratum, and the rod 13 extending 4through the cylinder 3 andthence into the bearing-stratum, the post and rod being preferablysteel. The post may be tubular and for the rod a tube may besubstituted. The hole required in the bearing-stratum for the post iscut with a drill or similar tool, applied to the bear ing-stratum fromwithin the tubular pile, the hole and interior of the pile are cleared,the post is inserted in the hole, and the interiorof the tubular pile isfilled; and in like manner a hole is cut in the bearing-stratum with adrill or other tool applied to it from within the cylinder 3, the holeand interior of the pile are cleared, the rod is inserted in.

the hole, and the tubular pile is filled. The filling of each of thesepiles is, or may be, like that of the pile which includes thecylinder 1. The rod may be secured at its upper fend to the superimposedstructure, and either the rod or post, or both, may be fastened to therock with grouting, an eX- panding nut or nuts, or some other suitablemeans.

To enable'a hole which is to receive an anchor to be cut or drilled inthe rock with facility, a tool-guide is required, and this may be asmall tube or pipe, like the drillpipe 14 (Fig. 2), inserted in thepile-tube and resting on the bearing-stratum. By operating a drill inthis drill-pipe, or guidepipe, the drill having a working t therein, thehole can be readily cut in the rock at the desired place, and then theguide-pipe may Y quicksand and cur during the drilling. Then as soonasthe interior of the pile-tube has been cleared,

f bedded.

be further utilized to insure the insertion in the drilled hole of theanchor, passed through and guided by the pipe.

Sometimes it will be desirable, and perhaps it will be necessary, tofill the pile-tube immediately after it has been driven to thebearing-stratum, especially where there is ground-Hows are apt to ocifit contains material that ought to be removed, a drill-pipe may beinserted in the pile-tube which may then be filled with, concrete, andthereafter the drilling and setting of the anchor rod or post'can bedone at the pleasure of theyworkman. l

In Fig. 2 adrill-pipe 14 is shown embedded in the filling 15 of a pileand er.v tending from the ypile-tube 16 to the bearing-stratum'l', thepile being anchored by ,3,3

lmeans of thepost 18 fitting in the drill-pipe and the rock. Obviously apile may Y be anchored by means of two or more posts or rods. The largepile which is shown inl Fig.

4 conta-ins four drill-pipes'` 14 in which are four anchor-posts 18 thatextend into holes cut in the bearing-rock by a drill operated in andthrough the drill-pipes, this large pile comprising the pile-tube 19Vand the fill ing 20 in vwhich the drill-pipes are ern- The manner ofcarrying out the method isl illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, wherein thesuccessive steps are shown. In Fig.- 5 is disclosed the first step whichconsists in sink ing the tubular casing 16 and guide tube 14 to thebearing stratum 17. Fig. 6 discloses the drilling operation wherein adrill 2l and, driving means 22 are conventionally disclosed.4 Fig. 7shows the casing and tube i f-.

after'the space between the two has been cleared of earth. Fig. 8 showsthe part: after the lpost 18 has been positioned, and Fig. 9 shows thecompleted and concreta filled pile.

In steel pile-foundations formed as herein described some piles arerequired to sustain loads of more than a hundred tons each The danger ofserious damage being vdone to the great buildings and other heavy struc-1.

tures which they support, if -the piles slip at the base so as to allowthe structures to settle, has long been known and in some ternaldiameter of the boring tool being the guide tube tothe bottom of thehole, and same as the internal diameter of the guide lling the spacebetween the guide tube and tube, dri11ing a, hole in the bearing stratuminni "Wall of the first tube with cementi- With the boring tool,evacuating the space tious material.

5 between the guide tube and the Wall of the JOHN BYRON GOLDSBDRQUGH.

first tube and evaeuating the gude'tube, In presence offilling the guidetube with an anchoring ost CHARLES E. SMITH,

fitting ih'and extending from the top ofp the E. REYNOLDS.

